Description


A diary of my mothing activity covering highlights and photos from my moth trapping activities. Mainly Norfolk (UK), occasionally beyond. I may mention other wildlife sightings here, especially insects, but for birds see my birding diary.

Sunday, 31 January 2021

Wildlife review of 2019 and 2020 - Caddisflies (Trichoptera)

CADDISFLIES (TRICHOPTERA)

For caddisflies I now attempt to identify more or less every caddisfly that I find in the garden moth trap, with just a few exceptions on the busiest nights, plus as many as possible of those caught elsewhere.  My efforts have increased over recent years so year-on-year comparisons are of limited meaning.  The order I've used follows that used in the main species accounts of the excellent RES Handbook (The adult Trichoptera (caddisflies) of Britain and Ireland by Bernard and Ross).  Another really useful resource that is sasdly no longer available was a Fenno-Scandinavian caddisfly website (bad link left in just in case it comes back live again).  This was incredibly valuable as it showed photos of the abdomens from a variety of angles for the majority of British species and I really miss it!  A new book on caddisflies by is in preparation, focusing on the characters visible using no more than a hand lens, and I had the pleasure of using a test version of this during the latter half of 2020.  This will be a very important resource for anyone interested in caddisfly identification, especially to newcomers to the field.

[Update 27th Feb 2021 - Great news!  I'm not sure how long it's been here but the awesome Fenno-Scandinavian site is back up and running at this new location.  Hurrah!]

I've thrown in quite a few photos of genitalia and abdomens, partly to provide an easy go-to lookup for myself but also, with the more challenging identifications, to enable others to comment on them (or correct me if need be).  Please do get in touch if you can help in any way.

My review of caddisflies I recorded in 2019-2020 covers several pages: below is an index to them by family - click on the links for photos and details of all the species recorded or just go to the first and then use the "Next page" links at the bottom to move on through.


Rhyacophila munda - a non-Norfolk species caught in Cornwall

Hydroptila tineoides - a new species for me in 2020


Ecnomus tenellus

Neureclipsis bimaculata - a new caddis for me in 2019

Plectrocnemia geniculata on Mull, a species I've not seen in Norfolk yet

Lype phaeopa

Hydropsyche pellucidula

Phryganea grandis

Medium Sedge Goera pilosa

Crunoecia irrorata

Brown Sedge Anabolia nervosa

Limnephilus elegans on Mull

Limnephilus ignavus - a new species for me in 2019

Welshman's Button Seriocostoma personatum - new to me in 2019 and new to the garden in 2020

female Beraea pullata - a new family for me


Molanna angustata

Athripsodes bilineatus - new for me in 2019


Mystacides azurea

Review of 2019 and 2020 - Caddisflies: part 2 of Leptoceridae

Family LEPTOCERIDAE (continued)


Ceraclea albimacula - females caught in the garden trap on 16th and 17th July 2019 were identified as this species although the test version of the upcoming caddis guide says this species should have a white dorsal spot whereas the photos of these two clearly show that this spot was not white.  Having said that I spent a fair bit of time checking the genitalia against the images on the now-defunct trichoptera.insects-online.de website and I felt confident at the time.  These are difficult though, so maybe I got this wrong?  There was another individual that I wasn't so confident about on 29th July - I thought it was this species but wasn't totally sure.  Also recorded in 2017 and 2018 but none in 2020.

female Ceraclea albimacula, North Elmham, 16th July 2019


female Ceraclea albimacula, North Elmham, 17th July 2019



Ceraclea fulva - Females caught in the garden on 26th and 29th July 2019 were probably this species, and if so they would be new for the garden.  I had felt reasonably confident about the previous albimacula (above) but these two caused me more problems.  I examined them one after the other so was able to compare their genitalia side by side - there were differences between them but the differences between the two were pretty tiny.  Externally both were similar to one another, and different from the above albimacula, but I'm not sure how variable/overlapping the two species are externally - there are very few images online and for the most part it isn't clear that those that are online are necessarily labelled correctly.  I've not been able to establish whether the pale transverse line in the discal area is significant or not.  Anyway, after spending hours staring down a microscope and comparing what I could see with the diagrams in the RES Handbook and the images on trichoptera.insects-online.de (where albimacula was indexed as alboguttata but shown as albimacula on the page itself), I put the first down as fulva but left the second unidentified.  Coming back to it with fresh eyes at the end of the year, with only poor photos of the genitalia and not the actual bits, I shifted more towards them both being fulva, but still didn't feel confident enough about that to record them as such.  Maybe when I've got more experience and/or references for these I'll be able to come back and be more confident, but for now I think it best if I don't record these.  A complete blank on Ceraclea in 2020 didn't help expand my experience.  Comments welcome...

probable female Ceraclea fulva, North Elmham, 26th July 2019


probable female Ceraclea fulva, North Elmham, 29th July 2019





probable female Ceraclea fulva, North Elmham, 29th (left) and 26th (right) July 2019 - lateral, 2 dorsal and ventral views of genitalia



Ceraclea nigronervosa - None.  Judging from the NBN Atlas there are a few records of this species from the Wensum Valley but I don't think I've come across any yet.


Ceraclea dissimilis - At least one of 2 similar caddisflies caught on 23rd July 2019 proved to be a female of this species (the second wasn't retained).  There were at least 2 other caddisflies that I wasn't able to put a definite name to that resembled this species externally.

female Ceraclea dissimilis, North Elmham, 23rd July 2019



Ceraclea senilis - None.  Although there appear to have been quite a lot of records of this species in Norfolk not many come from the Wensum Valley so perhaps it's no surprise I haven't found any yet.


Leptocerus tineiformis - A total of 16 in the garden moth trap between 24th June and 5th August 2019 but fewer in 2020 with 8 between 23rd June and 6th August.  Elsewhere 3 at the meadows on 30th June and 4 at Weybourne on 5th July 2019.  I identified most of these in the field in 2019 and only checked the genitalia of a selection; as such it was possible (if very unlikely) that I might have overlooked the odd lusitanicus among them so I checked all but one in 2020.

male Leptocerus tineiformis, North Elmham, 4th July 2019


female Leptocerus tineiformis, North Elmham, 23rd June 2020


female Leptocerus tineiformis, North Elmham, 30th July 2020



Mystacides azurea - one of the Black Silverhorns: a female trapped in the garden on 3rd August 2019 was my second identified here following one in 2016.  2020 was a better year with 3 between 26th June and 11th August 2020.  The first individual in 2020 showed a slightly cranulated apical excision in ventral appendages but very much less excavated than shown in the diagram of nigra in the Bernard and Ross Handbook so I think the ID as azurea is safe (the small lower appendages were also narrow as in diagram of azurea not as in nigra).

female Mystacides azurea, North Elmham, 3rd August 2019




female Mystacides azurea, North Elmham, 26th June 2020




female Mystacides azurea, North Elmham, 6th August 2020


female Mystacides azurea, North Elmham, 11th August 2020



Mystacides nigra - None.  This (the other Black Silverhorn) occurs in the Norfolk including the Wensum but going on the number of dots on the NBN Atlas it isn't nearly as common.  No surprise then that I haven't found one yet.


Grouse Wing Mystacides longicornis - 4 caught in the garden between 29th June and 7th August 2019.  I had nearly 60 here over the previous 3 years so this was a poor year.  Elsewhere in 2019 4 next door on 7th-8th August, singles at the meadows on 23rd and 30th June and one at Swanton Great Wood on 27th August.  The 2020 sesason kicked off with 4 at the meadows and 4 at home on 23rd June, followed by another 9 at home up to 10th August.

Grouse Wing Mystacides logicornis, North Elmham Cathedral Meadows, 23rd June 2019


Grouse Wing Mystacides logicornis, North Elmham Cathedral Meadows, 23rd June 2020



Oecetis ochracea - None.  One in the garden on 16th September 2020, my first here since 2016.  Also one at the meadows on 17th May 2020.

female Oecetis ochracea, North Elmham Cathedral Meadows, 17th May 2020


female Oecetis ochracea, North Elmham, 16th September 2020



Oecetis lacustris - One at the meadows on 23rd June 2020 but although I recorded this species at home 3 times in 2016-17 I've not caught any here since then.

female Oecetis lacustris, North Elmham Cathedral Meadows, 23rd June 2020



Oecetis furva - None.  Judging from the number of dots on the NBN Atlas this is much the scarcer of these 3 Oecetis species in Norfolk, but it was the only one of the 3 that I caught here in 2018.



That's it for the caddisflies - you can return to the Caddisfly index

Review of 2019 and 2020 - Caddisflies: Sericostomatidae, Beraeidae, Molannidae and part 1 of Leptoceridae

Family SERICOSTOMATIDAE


Welshman's Button Sericostoma personatum - A female netted along the footpath west from Carsaig on Mull on 10th June 2019 was my first ever, but swiftly followed by another female closer to home at the meadows on 22nd August.  Then in 2020 I caught not one but 3 in my garden moth trap between 1st August and 3rd September.  These included 2 males with their distinctive enlarged palps.

female Welshman's Button Sericostoma personatum, between Carsaig and Rubha Dubh (Mull), 10th June 2019


female Welshman's Button Sericostoma personatum, North Elmham Cathedral Meadows, 22nd August 2019


male Welshman's Button Sericostoma personatum, North Elmham, 1st August 2020


male Welshman's Button Sericostoma personatum, North Elmham, 14th August 2020



Notidobia ciliaris - None - there are quite a few widespread records in Norfolk so maybe some chance of finding one here sooner or later.


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Family BERAEIDAE


Beraea maurus - None.  Another caddisfly that is widespread in Norfolk but which I haven't found yet.


Beraea pullata - I finally found my first representative of this family on 24th April 2020 when I swept one from Broom (adjacent to a dyke) at the meadows.  That's not the way I usually find caddisflies and it was right next to where I often do mothing with lights so maybe this family is reluctant to come to light?

 female Beraea maurus, North Elmham, Cathedral Meadows, 24th April 2020


Beraeodes minutus - None.  Judging from the number of dots on the NBN Atlas this looks like it's the commonest member of the family in Norfolk, but it's escaped my detection so far.


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Family MOLANNIDAE


Molanna angustata - 3 in the garden moth trap between 7th and 26th August 2019 and 9 in the 6 nights between 9th and 14th August 2020.  Elsewhere 2 more August records from the meadows (one each year), one at Hills and Holes on 21st May 2020 and one at Bintree Woods on 24th July 2020.

male Molanna angustata, North Elmham, 7th August 2019


male Molanna angustata, North Elmham, 10th August 2019


Molanna angustata, North Elmham Cathedral Meadows, 22nd August 2019


Molanna angustata, North Elmham Cathedral Meadows, 7th August 2020



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Family LEPTOCERIDAE


Adicella reducta - None.  Apparently another common and widespread caddis that I haven't encountered yet.


Triaenodes bicolor - One in my garden moth trap on 22nd July 2019 was my first record of this species.  It was on its last legs but that did mean it posed with its wings spread providing a good look at the difference in the colour between its fore and hindwings.


Triaenodes bicolor, North Elmham, 22nd July 2019


Ylodes conspersus - None but I've had one here before in August 2017 which I gather was the first for the Wensum Valley.  A pretty scarce species in Norfolk with just 2-3 records from the Nar Valley and one from the Norwich area I believe.


Athripsodes albifrons - Singles in the garden trap on 28th August 2019 and 9th and 14th August 2020.

female Athripsodes albifrons, North Elmham, 28th August 2019


Athripsodes albifrons, North Elmham, 14th August 2020


Athripsodes bilineatus - One at the meadows on 22nd August 2019 was my first record of this species.

female Athripsodes bilineatus, North Elmham Cathedral Meadows, 22nd August 2019


Athripsodes cinereus - 2 at the meadows on 7th July and 22nd August 2019, my first records of this species, and then I added it to the garden list with one on 23rd August.  There were 2 more at the meadows in 2020, on 7th August and 8th September.  All but one of these were female.

female Athripsodes cinereus, North Elmham Cathedral Meadows, 7th July 2019


male Athripsodes cinereus, North Elmham Cathedral Meadows, 22nd August 2019


female Athripsodes cinereus, North Elmham Cathedral Meadows, 7th August 2020


female Athripsodes cinereus, North Elmham Cathedral Meadows, 8th September 2020


Another eventual candidate for this species was at home on 22nd June 2020.  Females are quite challenging for me, and up until 2020 the task was made easier by being able to compare genitalia with the images on the trichoptera.insects-online.de website.  With this site now down I'm pretty much relying entirely on the Barnard and Ross Handbook and this particular individual was tricky.  In many respects the genitalia looked very similar to Athripsodes aterrimus (one of which I was examining at the same time).  The indentation on the edge was perhaps closer to cinereus but the subgenital plate looked identical to the aterrimus, right down to the triangular wedge between where the two halves diverge at the tip.  But I don't think it can be aterrimus because that species always seems to have a slightly arched sub-rectangular sclerite beyond the tip of the subgenital plate (not sure what this bit is called but you can see it on the photo of aterrimus at the bottom of this page), whereas on this caddisfly there was no sign of this - instead a more square-shaped but with an obvious indentation on the top.  Unless someone more experienced gets back to me in the meantime I shall wait until I can catch more cinereus to compare with this before I record this one.


possible female Athripsodes cinereus, North Elmham, 22nd June 2020


Athripsodes aterrimus - The 2019 season started with singles at the meadows on 25th May and 15th June but then I caught 4 in the garden between 24th June and 3rd August.  In 2020 just 3 here, one on 26th June and 2 on 12th August.  I'd recorded far more than this here in each of the previous 3 year (with 23 in 2016).  Again all but one were female.

female Athripsodes aterrimus, North Elmham Cathedral Meadows, 25th May 2019


female Athripsodes aterrimus, North Elmham Cathedral Meadows, 24th June 2019


female Athripsodes aterrimus, North Elmham, 8th July 2019


female Athripsodes aterrimus, North Elmham, 16th July 2019


female Athripsodes aterrimus, North Elmham, 3rd August 2019




male (above) and female Athripsodes aterrimus, North Elmham, 12th August 2020



Next page: more Leptoceridae

Or return to Caddisfly index